Islamabad- In light of the ongoing tensions between Pakistan AndIndiaAnd despite the arrival of the two countries to a ceasefire agreement on May 10, days after the mutual bombing, the conflict is still burning at all levels.
In addition to political and diplomatic tension, the two countries exchange accusations of supporting armed groups, amid exile from both sides.
Pakistan accuses India of financing and arming separatist and rebellious organizations, most notably in the region BaluchistanIn order to undermine its internal security and confuse its strategic economic projects, especially the China -Pakistani economic corridor.
On the other hand, India was accused of similar accusations to Pakistan with the support of militant groups active in Kashmir With its Pakistani and Indian parts, and by using these groups as a tool to destabilize and make tension in the region continuous, similar to what happened in the last Bagham attack that ignited the tension between the two nuclear neighborhoods.
What are the most prominent groups that each other accuses of supporting?
The groups accusing Pakistan of India of supporting:
- Baluchistan Liberation Army (BLA):
The group was established in 2000, and it is considered the most important and most dangerous armed Baloch groups in Pakistan, which is mainly ideology of Baloch nationalism.
It was calling for political independence and the granting of the Baluchistan region a greater share of natural wealth, and then gradually developed into a separatist group based on Baloch identity resources (the tendency to control the natural resources on their lands).
In particular, the movement targets the Pakistani government and what it belongs to in Balochistan, in addition to targeting foreign companies and workers in the region and the areas near it, especially those projects related to the joint economic corridor project between Pakistan and China.
The organization was classified on terrorist lists in Pakistan in 2006, and on the terrorist lists in the United States in 2019.
Last March, the group attacked a Pakistani train and kidnapped it until the next day, before the Pakistani army performed an operation to rid the hostages, killing members of the attacking group (33 militants), and 21 hostages from the train passengers.
And late last May, after the end of the tension between the two parties, Pakistani Defense Minister Khawaja Mohamed Asif said that the attack on a school bus in Balochistan was carried out by the “Balochistan Liberation Army” with the support of India, and said that his country had evidence that this “banned” agency is working on India.
On May 31, the Pakistani government decided, through a notice issued by the Ministry of Interior, naming all groups and armed organizations working Baluchistan in the name of “the sedition of Hindusan”, in reference to India’s involvement in its support.
There are other armed Baloshi groups and movements in Balochistan, which share targets itself Almost, these groups such as the Bluchistan Liberation Front (BLF) and the National Baluchistan Army (BNA), which was formed by the Baluch Republic (BRA) and the United Baluch Army (UBA), and accuses them of all Pakistan of receiving support from India.
- TTP: TTP:
It is widespread in the border areas with Afghanistan, and is behind the largest bloody attacks over the past years, most notably the 2014 attack on a Pakistani army school in Peshawar, left nearly 140 victims of students and teachers.
The movement is classified as a combination of strict nationalism and religious, given that the vast majority of its Bashoon fighters, most of whom have studied in religious schools, and the Pakistani Taliban call for self -rule in the tribal areas of Pakistan.
The official launch of this movement was in its current form in 2007, at the hands of House of God envied After events Red Mosque “Lal mosque” in Islamabad.
In August of last year, the Pakistani Ministry of the Interior issued an official notice in which it announced the naming of the Taliban Movement as “the sedition of the Kharijites”, which has become a common in all letters and data at the level of all official and media institutions in Pakistan.
On May 22, Pakistani Defense Minister accused India of supporting and financing the Pakistani Taliban.
The groups that accuse India Pakistan of supporting:
It was founded in 1990 by Hafez Muhammad Saeed as a military wing of the Pakistani Islamic Da`wah and Guidance Center, then separated from the call center in 2002. The beginning of the founding during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and changed its focus to Kashmir with the beginning of the Kashmiri rebellion against India in the early nineties of the last century.
Indian control of Jammu and Kashmir is fighting, and has carried out many attacks against Indian officials and Indian forces in the disputed Kashmir, as well as across India.
The group’s first known operation in India was an ambush of a small group of Indian Air Force members in 1990, and the group proved its power in 1993 in a “successful” attack on an Indian military base.
The “Askar Taibah” operations have evolved to include areas inside the Indian, where the group accused an armed attack on the Indian parliament in 2001. While it denied responsibility for the attack, which also caused armed confrontations between Pakistan and India.
Although India accuses Pakistan of supporting it, Pakistan was announced by a “banned terrorist group” in 2002. According to the project to draw the maps of the militants, “Askar Taiba” maintains training camps, facilities, schools and medical clinics in Pakistan.
- Resistance Front (TRF):
It appeared in 2019, founded by the Gul Carpet in the wake of India’s cancellation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution that gives Kashmir a special state of autonomy. The primary goal of the struggle for the freedom of Kashmir.
It was classified by the Indian government, a terrorist organization in 2023 under the law to prevent terrorist activities, and its founder announced a terrorist joule. India considers it a branch of the “Askar Taiba” group.
The Resistance Front emerged clearly after the “Bejam” attack, whose responsibility was claimed in late April, which was strained because of the relations between Pakistan and India, and as a result of which the two countries resulted in the armed clash last May.
According to the records of the Indian government, most of the armed fighters who were killed in armed clashes in Kashmir in 2022 were affiliated with the Resistance Front.
In 2023, the Indian Ministry of Interior informed Parliament that the group was involved in planning the killing of security forces and civilians in Jammu and Kashmir, according to Reuters.
Indian intelligence officials told Reuters that the Resistance Front has also had online threats against the pro -India groups over the past two years.
Last April, after the “Bahljam” attack, the Indian Foreign Ministry said that “the perpetrators of the attack from the Resistance Front are followed by the Askar Tiba group, who are Pakistani fighters and trainers in Pakistan.”
It is an armed group based in the Pakistani part of Kashmir, founded by Masoud Azhar, and its first major attacks were in 2000, and it seeks to fight the Indian presence in Kashmir, and it had a role in fighting American forces in Afghanistan.
The founder of the group, Masoud Azhar, has been one of the leaders of the “Mujahideen Movement” since 1994, and in the year same The Indian government arrested him while trying to carry out an attack in India. He was released in 1999 when the Mujahideen movement kidnapped an Indian plane, and was exchanged with the hostages.
India accuses it of being behind the bombing of the Legislative Council building in the Indian part of Kashmir in October 2001, killing more than 30 people. Two months later, the US State Department added it to the list of “foreign terrorist organizations”.
Also in the same year, the Pakistani forces arrested Azhar, but was later released by a judicial order. In 2002, the Pakistani President banned at the time Brozes Mashraf The group, and the following year the group tried to assassinate an honorable.
It was behind one of the fiercest attacks in 2016, when she was accused of attacking an Indian military headquarters, killing 19 Indian soldiers.
The group claimed responsibility for the “Poloa attack”, in February 2019, killing at least 40 Indian soldiers, and ignited a military tension during which Pakistan was able to shoot down an Indian plane and captured the pilot and later released.
India had accused Pakistan immediately after the attack of the support of “Muhammad’s army”, an accusation that Pakistan rejected and expressed its condemnation of the attack.
- Mujahideen Party
It was established in 1989 by the Kashmiri separatist leader, Muhammad Best Dar. He emerged from the 1988 protests in Kashmir against the Indian government, and became the largest local rebel group stationed in the Indian part of Kashmir.
The Mujahideen Party is the armed wing of the Islamic Group in the Indian part of Kashmir, and it is not administratively or organizationally linked to the Islamic Group in Kashmir, Pakistani, but rather adopts ideological ideas themselves.
The United States, the European Union and India have put this party on the lists of terrorism, despite the opposition of Islamabad, which is considered an internationally recognized conflict of Kashmir, and that the classification with “terrorists” is unjustified.
The main goal of the Mujahideen Party is the unification of Azad Kashmir (under Pakistani -control), Jamo and Kashmir (under Indian control) in one entity that then joins the Pakistani state.
Indian security grip and repression against the party and other groups increased in 2016 after the killing of a popular leader of the party, which was followed by widespread protests in the Indian part of Kashmir, and in 2017 the United States ranked the party as a “foreign terrorist organization” and imposed sanctions.
India accuses the Pakistani intelligence service of establishing and supporting this party, and during the operation launched by India last May, some party sites were among the nine goals that India announced its bombing inside Pakistani territory, while Pakistan said it was civilian targets.
Exploiting weaknesses
The researcher says assisting at the Institute of Strategic Studies in IslamabadAnd specialized in security affairs, Mahin Shafiq, that the most prominent movements supported by India are the “Pakistani Taliban” and the “Balochistan Liberation Army”. Pakistan has abundant evidence of this, which is not limited to communication between them, but also includes the volume of financial and financial support. Pakistan has provided this evidence for international bodies.
In an interview with Al -Jazeera Net, Mahin Shafiq says that India is taking advantage of the divisions in Pakistan. This is a firm Indian strategy according to the “Duffal” principle, which is the Indian National Security Adviser, who in this principle indicated the term “defensive attack”, which, from all matters, seeks to destabilize Balochistan by exploiting the internal and external weaknesses.
For his part, the security expert specialized in Baloch movements, Rafish Allah Kakar, says that the possibility of external support, especially from India, is inevitably a list, in light of the tense regional security environment and public calls for the assistance launched by the Baluch separatist leaders, but this intervention remains a marginal factor.
Cakkar tells Al -Jazeera Net that the basis of the Baloch rebellion lies in the internal political and economic grievances, not in external incitement, and any external support is understood as opportunistic, not caused.