The satellite pictures of the Iranian Fordo Nuclear Foundation showed the presence of a relatively small holes in the mountain above the facility, which experts attributed to the superficial bombs of the fortifications.
The American forces used 14 of these bombs while hitting Fordo, Isfahan and Nawz’s nuclear facilities at dawn on Sunday, June 22, along with a number of Tomahawk missiles, as part of a direct involvement in the escalating war between Israel AndIranWhich started since June 13.
But what is the secret of these holes? What are their relationships with the miracles specifically for the fortifications? Isn’t the bombs supposed to cause a clear explosion and destruction? The answer to these questions lies in the physics that explain the work of these bombs.
Supervisors of the fortifications are usually defined as those bombs designed to penetrate fortified structures and hideouts underground, such as the GBU-57AP bomb, weigh about 14 tons, and is 6 meters long.
According to military estimates, this bomb is able to penetrate up to 60 meters of reinforced concrete or up to 12 meters of solid rocks, and it cannot be carried by regular combat aircraft, but rather needs the American B2 Spirit ghostly operated by the US Air Force.
Investing in kinetic energy
Let’s start first by understanding the principles of penetration, this type of bombs works depending on the principles of simple physics, in order for the body to be able to achieve a severe penetration that must start obtaining a large kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy is nothing but the outcome of the speed of the body and its mass, as there is a difference – no doubt – in the influence between a fly that goes towards one of the walls at a speed of 60 km per hour, and a truck spending the same speed towards the wall itself, there is no doubt that the truck will have a greater effect in the event of collision.
Therefore, to achieve the maximum penetration, the supernatural bombs are designed for the fortifications to be very heavy, and they move at high speeds, and from here we understand the secret of the aforementioned bomb weight, which helps the bomb penetrate the land or concrete structures deeply before it explodes.
Besides, some supernatural bombs, especially those designed for deep penetration, use missile reinforcements that are activated during the final drop stage to the target, to increase their speed to the maximum extent, and accordingly you get the maximum possible kinetic energy.
Pressure generates penetration
Besides, the bombs are designed with a relatively long, slim and strong external cover (the length of the bomb is 6 meters and a width less than a meter), and it is often made of materials such as high -strength steel or tungsten, and these materials have density and intensity that focuses the kinetic energy in a small surface area, which raises its ability to penetrate concrete and the ground.
Physics laws indicate that the pressure effect is very increased by a decrease in the area of the surface, so you find, for example, that the slim and pointed screw requires less strength to penetrate the wood compared to an unprocessed or slim body that has the same weight, because the smaller space increases pressure.
The more the force is concentrated in a lower area, the more pressure on the point of the effect, allowing the bomb to penetrate multiple layers of reinforced concrete or even rocks, for this reason the space missiles are made in a manner, until it reduces the effect of air pressure on them while climb up.
Aerobic dynamics to adjust the fall angle
To ensure maintaining a careful path, high speed and an ideal effect angle when hitting a goal, super -fortified bombs are designed to be stable in terms of aerodynamics.
Usually, the bombs of the hideout of the bumpy nose, with a streamlined shape, and a length to a high diameter to reduce the disturbances while heading to the target, allowing the bomb to reach its target with less deviation from the path of its intended journey.
Also, the supernatural bombs are usually equipped with relatively large tail fins at the rear end. These fins operate similar to the feathers on the arrow, as they maintain the bomb directly and prevent unwanted rotation.
The fins generate air dynamic powers that reflect any side forces that operate on the bomb, which helps in maintaining a straight and stable flight path. This maintains the bomb alignment with its intended path.
In some cases, additional control fins are used to provide the stability of the bomb, often include self -deficiency and global navigation system (GPS) and laser guidance, to correct any deviations in the path, to maintain the stability of the bomb in the air and adjust the fall angle to be close to the vertical to achieve the maximum effect.
For example, the effect of dumping a pointed knife on a piece of wood (as happens in cases of circus shows, for example), varies with a different angle of falling the knife on the piece of wood.
Besides, the center of gravity and weight distribution was designed in the supercar bomb carefully to ensure stability during the fall, as the center of gravity tends to be towards the front of the bomb, while fixed fins are placed in the back.
This composition ensures that the bomb does not shake or slip during the landing, and also ensures that the head direction is maintained down, which is very important to penetrate accurate and deep when collision.
The explosion is late for the maximum effect
The foregoing explains the secret of the great ability to penetrate, but there is an essential feature of these bombs that explain the presence of holes, as it has a bell that works late, instead of the explosion when contacting like traditional bombs, the bomb is programmed for the explosion only after it penetrates the target deeply, and this ensures the release of the explosive energy inside the target structure.
The late bombing prevents the bomb from explosion prematurely on the surface, which may cause energy to waste outside instead of focusing it on the inner part of the fortified place.
Once the target bomb is penetrated, it uses a very explosive warhead, usually made of strong compounds such as “RDX”, which represents 65% of the explosive head installation, and is also called “hexogen”, which is a substance that bears the chemical name “siclotimithmithine tinramin”, and it is known for its good stability and its high energy production, which makes it suitable for a variety of military applications And industrial.
Besides, aluminum powder is added, increasing the heat and energy of the explosion, and also added a rubber material used to connect the explosive components together, making it safe and stable.
This mixture is born at the explosion a severe shock wave (the speed of the bombing of about 8000 meters/s), which creates a strong excessive pressure and heat inside the narrow target area.
Do you achieve the goal of the strike?
One question remains related With the results of the strikeHowever, this matter is mainly related to its goal. If the goal is to completely destroy the facility, it may not have been achieved, as the New York Times quoted American and Israeli sources that the American attack on Iran did not lead to the destruction of Fordo nuclear site The fortified completely, as it was reported that Tehran moved the enriched uranium from there before the attack.
A US official told the newspaper that 12 bombs were dropped Out of fortificationBut it was “not enough to destroy the Fordo site,” although it was severely damaged, according to his description.
Likewise, Israeli officials told the newspaper that “Israeli army It is believed that the Fordo site was severely damaged, but it was not completely destroyed.