In a controversial scientific achievement, a full -time professor in the Department of Intensive Article Physics at the University of Seville, Jose Maria Martin, announced a solution to a solution to the issue of scientists for more than a century, through a new proof of a theory known as the “Norstan theory”, at the same time, at the same time a previous idea put in place by Albert Einstein more than a century ago.
in His scientific paper The recently published in the “Europyan Physical Journal Plus”, Emula explains that the Norstan Milen, which says that the changes in the thermal randomness (entropy) tend to zero when the temperature approaches absolute scratch, is not an independent law as Einstein assumed, but can be derived directly from the second law of thermal dynamic.
With this proposal, he may put an end to a long semester of physical controversy, and rearrange the laws of thermal dynamics that constitute one of our understanding of nature, and says in exclusive statements to Al -Jazeera Net, “This proof is correctly correcting in a fundamental issue. With this proof, we will need less phrases (laws) to understand thermal dynamics, that is, to understand the development of natural processes.”
Between Norst and Einstein
The roots of the issue date back to the beginning of the twentieth century when the German chemist, Walter Nordesty, presented his observations about the behavior of materials at temperatures approaching absolute scratch (i.e. 273 degrees Celsius).
When heating the substance that moves its molecules and becomes more random, then the entropy increases (a measure of chaos in the closed system), and when cooling it decreases the movement and the scatter decreases, the entropy decreases.
This prompted Narns to conclude that reaching the absolute zero, which is the lowest possible temperature, will push the molecules until their movement stops almost completely, that is, the kinetic energy reaches the minimum. Consequently, there must be no change in thermal randomness at this point, as the molecules have lost the energy needed to move it.
Norsta was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1920 because of his ability to formulate the third law of thermal dynamics, which enabled the chemical balances on the heat exchange. This was achieved by studying conditions at very low temperatures.
But the thermal engine that it imagines and is known as the “Karno engine” where no energy is lost, cannot be built in practice, according to Einstein, and then Einstein did not agree on the possibility of using it to prove the demonstration through a contradiction with the second law.
The turning point
“The lack of change in the entropy (the theory of Norstst) is one of the two general properties of the material when approaching the temperature zero (absolute zero)” and adds, “in a simple phrase, cold bodies should differ from hot bodies. This is common in people’s daily lives.”
And the qualitative heat is the amount of heat that one kilogram needs from the material to increase 1 degrees Celsius in its temperature, and to understand the idea imagine that you are in front of a piece of iron and a cup of water, every one kilogram, and heated them with fire with the same force, you will find that the water is slowly heated and iron is heated quickly, the reason is that the water has a high quality heat, which means that it needs a lot of energy to heat.
What is new in proving Olda lies in that there is no assumption that there is no specific qualitative heat, and does not use arguments that depend on the inability to build a thermal engine, but rather depends on a more accurate interpretation of the absolute zero based on the thermometer of the Carno, a theoretical experimental measure derived from the second law of thermal dynamics.
The Kareno engine in our real world cannot be achieved because all the operations in it must be completely opposite, so that the system returns and all that has turned it into its original state without any impact or loss of energy, and there is no friction in it, which achieves complete efficiency, which is impossible in our real world until now. From the Kareno engine, the Kareno thermometer, a fictional abstract tool that uses the Kareno engine properties to measure the temperature with absolute accuracy, is the key to understanding the meaning of absolute scratch from the perspective of theoretical physics and not the human feeling of cold.
Emala sees that the absence of a deep understanding of the definition of the temperature in the dynamic thermal context is what disrupted the proof of the demonstration for decades. And it confirms that the virtual engine that Norstone imagines, although it does not produce work or heat, remains logical and sufficient to conclude.
“This is the radical change, as the proofs and the previous refineries did not take the value of the temperature with zero very seriously, it was just a mathematical condition, and they were talking about it without taking into account what it should be its value in accordance with the second law of thermal dynamics, and how to determine it,” says Olaa on the role of the Kareno thermometer at the absolute scratch.
Against the classic hypothesis
One of the obstacles that the researchers have always confused is Nanedist that the qualitative heat tends to zero when approaching absolute zero, the behavior of the qualitative heat and the change in the entropy, i.e. both approaches zero when approaching absolute scratch, which is a behavior that classic physics could not explain until the quantum mechanics came.
Scientists believed that the qualitative heat of steel is a fixed value, and the experiments supported this at medium and high temperatures. But at high temperatures, experiments began to show that the qualitative heat does not remain fixed, but rather decreases significantly whenever the temperature approaches zero, and this was a great contradiction with classical physics, and there is no explanation for it at the time.
Einstein has contributed to solving the specific heat problem using his model of quantitative solid bodies. At low temperatures, the atoms do not have enough energy to jump to the higher levels, and therefore do not absorb a lot of heat, which leads to low quality heat.
However, he separates the first of this observation and the demonstration itself, and indicates that the lack of qualitative heat, despite the fact that it is an experimental fact, does not constitute an essential part of proving the proof. So it is believed that Norsta’s alert can be proven independent of it, and he says, “Perhaps Einstein’s reluctance to accept Norst’s guide was driven by the fact that the disappearance of qualitative heat has no explanation in classical physics (in contrast to quantitative physics).”
One of the most interest in the Awlas paper is his claim that the third law of thermal dynamics, as we know it today, is no longer necessary, and concludes, “Regardless of the principle of energy conservation (first law), because it is common to all branches of physics, thermal dynamics needed two laws, the principle of increasing entropy (second law) and the third law. Now, we need only one law (besides the first law), in my opinion. The unification of theories.
I believe that accepting his idea in academic society may take time, but he is optimistic that spreading his scientific paper will pave the way towards reconsidering the basic concepts of heat. This door may open to a deeper understanding of the universe at its maximum, as the temperatures come into contact with absolute zero, randomness disappears, classic traditional laws collapsed, and physicists begin to draw a new map of heat more accurate.