Khartoum- State rulers expanded in regional Kordofan AndDarfur Western Sudan is to isolate tribal leaders on charges of alignment and support Rapid support forces Participate in mobilizing fighters against ArmyAmid observers’ concerns about the use of the law regulating civil administration to dismiss tribal leaders on a political basis, which leads to social polarization and ethnic division.
The civil administration system in Sudan has emerged before the emergence of the modern state, and was formed through ancient kingdoms and sultans with the aim of resolving and settling conflicts and enhancing peaceful coexistence according to social norms.
The civil administration means the tribal administration represented by its leaders for regional affairs and administrative units under the supervision and control of the central authority.
The state rulers are delegated through the law of regulating civil administration, and the rulers usually adopt the leader of the tribe who comes by inherited methods, and is isolated in the event of violating the law after consulting with the Ministry of Federal Governance.
Tribal leaders were also assigned administrative, judicial and financial authorities, headed by popular courts and assisting official authorities in collecting taxes and fees imposed on real estate, livestock and zakat, and the government gives a weapon to their guard crew.
Collective isolation
The governor of North Darfur, the taxpayer, Al -Hafiz Bakhit Muhammad, issued a decision last Thursday to isolate 11 civil departments (mayor) for violating the law regulating civil administration.
The decision published by the official Sudanese News Agency stipulated that the “isolated” mayors “have proven their mobilization and mobilization of the people of their tribes under their administrations to engage in the ranks of the rapid support militia and incite them to undermine state institutions, systematic killing, looting and looting, as well as bringing and accommodating mercenaries.” He also decided to charge criminal charges against them.
Al -Hafiz Bakhit had previously decided to dismiss the agents of the headmaster and the civil administration after accusing them of supporting the rapid support forces in his mandate.
And last Tuesday, Abd al -Khaliq Abd al -Latif and Wadaa Allah, the governor of North Kordofan State, sacked 10 of the baptism for their cooperation with the Rapid Support Forces in Chican, Umm Rawaba and Al -Rahad before the army took control of the last two.
In a move described by observers as a “collective massacre”, the governor of South Darfur was removed by the cost of Bashir Mersal, 71 mayors, including 7 leaders of the “counterpart” tribes and leaders of the state’s civil administration, after the “Al -Nazis” issued a joint statement calling on the tribesmen to delay the army and join rapid support. The state authorities have written accusations against them with the prosecution bPort Sudan Its penalty reaches death or life imprisonment in the event of conviction.
The governor accused the ousted leaders of “killing and looting the property of citizens, in addition to causing them to destroy thousands of their tribes after they mobilized to fight with rapid support.” With the same thumbs, the governor of West Darfur State, Bahruddin Adam Karama, was removed, 37 leaders of the state’s civil administration.
Last March, the governor of West Kordofan, Muhammad Adam Jaid, dismissed 3 tribal leaders and their agents and dozens of leaders of the civil administration for their cooperation with the state’s rapid support forces and their violation of the administration law.
Administrative decisions
Commenting on the widespread insulation decisions, legal expert Ahmed Moussa said, in a statement to Al -Jazeera Net, that “the circumstances that the country is going through mixed Habir, who is supposed to be the possible Nabeul, and the administrative authorities sometimes move to maintain security and issue decisions that need judicial support.”
The expert, who was a legal advisor to the beja glasses and independent verticals in eastern Sudan, explained that the civil administrations are affiliated with a federal “Ministry of Governance” federal authority because the tribe’s headmaster can extend his tribe in several states, and follow him to an inappropriate state governor.
According to the spokesman, the dismissal of the tribe leader should be based on a final judicial decision on the charges against him after the exhaustion of all the appeal methods, and stressed that the decisions that were recently issued by some governors to dismiss tribal leaders who are subject to appeal before the judiciary because they are administrative decisions and not fortified from the appeal.
For his part, social researcher Suleiman Awadallah says that the civil administration has witnessed volatile stages during political systems since the country’s independence, in 1956; Where they played a political role and the tribal leaders kept the powers they enjoyed and continued to contribute to maintaining security and stability.
Political covenants sought to use tribal leaders, as the researcher says to Al -Jazeera Net, to consolidate their rule and seize them by giving them powers and providing incentives to enhance their influence. On the other hand, the reduction of their powers if they did not cooperate with them, as happened during the era of the former president Ibrahim AbboudWhich issued a law stipulated the fragmentation of the administrative leadership of the civil administration and the distribution of its powers to the institutions of the center.
Political employment
According to the researcher Awadallah, the late president’s regime Jaafar Nimeiri He canceled the civil administrations and eliminated the control of the tribal gardens on the lands, and replaced them with the law of popular rule.
Al -Numairi saw in the civil administration a natural extension of colonial education and a backward way in the government, but his government itself tried in its recent years to restore the civil administration to what it was, which was what the elected government did.
His government presented a project to restore the civil administration after it lost its political influence and the decline in its administrative and tribal role, but that government was unable to implement its project because it quickly left the president’s coup. Omar Al -Bashir In 1989.
As for political analyst Faisal Abdel Karim, he believes that the Islamists during the era of Al -Bashir employed the civil administration in their political projects, in mobilizing popular support, and recruiting fighters in the war bSouth Sudan.
Analyst told Al -Jazeera Net that the military council headed Abdel -Fattah Al -Burhan Who received power after the fall of the Bashir regime, continued to politicize and mobilize civil administration to support it until it turns into a political base against the Alliance of Freedom and Change Alliance during the negotiations of the pillars of government.
According to Abdel -Karim, to Al -Jazeera Net, the advocacy of tribal leaders in the Kordofan and Darfur provinces of the Rapid Support Forces did not arise after the war, but rather to them when the Leader of Support was sought by them. Mohammed Hamdan Daglo, “Hamidati” Through the administration of tribal affairs, he sponsored tribal reconciliations, and the tribal leaders gave luxury cars and gifts, organized conferences in Khartoum, and recruited some of their children in his forces, and sent them to Yemen to participate in the war to obtain money that helped them change their lives.