25/6/2025–|Last update: 19:46 (Mecca time)
I witnessed Syria In recent years, it has been concluded in the incidents of civil violence, amid a state of social and political division in which the sectarian dimension overlaps with economic, cultural and political factors.
In this context, the Imran Center for Strategic Studies issued an expanded analytical study entitled “Indicators of civil violence in Syria … a psychological psychological approach to the structure of the local conflictThe researcher, Hala Haj Ali, has shed light on the roots and repercussions of civil violence, and reviewed the mechanisms to enhance civil peace and rebuild confidence between the components of Syrian society.
The study reviewed a number of countries’ experiences after conflicts, and tried to take possible lessons in building civil peace.
Among the most prominent experiences that were presented to the study, the experiences of Germany and Japan after aFor the Second World War. The study also reviewed the exit of countries from the conflict and achieving peace in the sense of ending the civil war only without rooting real coexistence, such as what happened in Lebanon yet. Taif AgreementAs well as in Tunisia, Libya and Yemen.
With the approach of the above in the Syrian situation, the latter seems more complicated, due to the overlapping of political violence with the societal structure and a long history of repression and marginalization, as the years of conflict in Syria accumulated various patterns of hatred and lack of confidence, added to the legacy of hatred resulting from the policies of tyranny and pre -revolution injustice.
What distinguishes the study is its adoption of a psychological psychological approach that is not satisfied with monitoring the numbers, but dives into analyzing the tributaries of conflict and anxious identities, and highlights the roles of security authorities, local institutions, transitional justice mechanisms and civil society in confronting this phenomenon.
It also provides an in -depth reading of letters feeding on violence and distributing accidents at geographical and social levels, with a suggestion package.
Analysis of the structure of violence … frightened identities and the narratives of the oppression
The study relied on documenting 50 people’s violence during a specific period of time, which included various models of “traditional” direct violence (such as armed clashes and local clashes), “indirect” or digital violence, which is carried out through social media platforms and inflammatory letters.
The motives of these incidents ranged between sectarianism, regionalism, ethnicity, clan and political, but the sectarian motivation leads the scene by 56% of the total of cases observed, in a serious indication of the fragility of the social fabric.
These incidents were also focused in areas with an intertwined population composition, dominated by a record of pluralism and loyalty conflicts, which reflects the existence of a fragile social reality that can be flammable with every crisis or spark.
The study goes until the escalation of feelings of anxiety and fear within certain population groups pushes individuals to search for protection in narrow sub -identities (religious, sectarian, or tribal), which leads to the perpetuation of polarization and weakening the forms of university citizenship. The study also concluded that the digital space turned into a parallel struggle yard, in which accusations and incitement are exchanged and the leadership of the oppression from all sides is being promoted.
It is noticeable – according to the study – the absence of a clear dualism between a “victim” and “executioner”, where each party has a coherent discourse on its oppression and aspirations, with the spread of the phenomenon of selective justice and the exploitation of the “truth” novel to exclude opponents and justify violence. The study also confirms that these identity divisions produce a cracking social reality that is difficult to overcome without a comprehensive national project.
Nutritional factors for violence
The study determines a number of factors that contribute to the appearance of aspects of civil violence in Syria, Among the most important:
- Weak the role of the central state: And the absence of the rule of law and the spread of weapons among civilians, allowing the confrontations easily.
- Decreased confidence in security institutions: Due to previous practices associated with repression, favoritism, or corruption, which causes the citizen to look at the security services as an unnecessary destination.
- Conflict of the interests of local powers: Loyal loyalties (sectarian, tribal, partisan) play a major role in moving conflicts.
- The economic factor: Crisis and the absence of justice in the distribution of resources lead to the strain of social relations and the escalation of conflicts over limited resources.
- The spread of inflammatory speeches: Especially on social media with the absence of the necessary controls, which turns the digital space into a tank for hatred and polarization.
Practical recommendations to enhance civil peace
In light of the above, the study provided a comprehensive package of practical recommendations for government agencies, civil society and decision makers. Among the most prominent:
- Dismantling symbolic violence and rebuilding collective memory
The study stressed the necessity of reviewing official and informal speeches that bear exclusionary contents or transmit hatred, and to involve educational and psychological specialists in reviewing school curricula and enhancing the values of tolerance and community peace. It also recommended supporting artistic and cultural initiatives that reformulate the war novels in a comprehensive manner. - Reforming the security establishment and building citizen confidence
The study called for the restructuring of the security doctrine, so that it turns from “imposing security” to “protecting the citizen”, and activating the role of societal control and joint training between security and civilians to enhance the culture of partnership. - University national identity engineering
She stressed the importance of launching comprehensive national dialogues, taking into account the sensitivities of the past and the needs of all components, with the aim of formulating a new national charter in which it guarantees justice in acting and not excluding. - Expanding the powers of local administration and promoting decentralization
I called for giving local administration councils broader powers using digital tools to enhance transparency and popular control over services and resources. - Activating a comprehensive transitional justice
The study recommended that the National Transitional Justice Authority give a greater role in reparation and treatment of the files of the victims and the absent, along with the launch of economic programs that combat the effects of marginalization and exclusion. - Support and empowerment of civil society
She stressed the importance of providing financing and capabilities for independent civil society organizations, and involving Syrian communities abroad in reconciliation efforts and building development projects. - Digital space development for dialogue
It urged to support independent digital platforms and dialogue forums, and to enact strict legislation criminalizing incitement and digital hate speech, while building partnerships with technology companies.
conclusion
The study concludes by emphasizing that the path to civil peace in Syria is not a short path, but rather requires political courage, collective will and a comprehensive national project that restores the idea of citizenship and is committed to human rights and equality. The study believes that confronting the roots of violence and achieving stability will not take place with isolated security or political measures, but rather with a comprehensive treatment of divisions and rebuilding confidence and collective memory.
Thus, the study puts the Syrian decision -makers and society a practical road map for societal recovery, warning that ignoring these recommendations will mean the continuation of civil violence, the consolidation of divisions, and the obstructing of any real opportunities to rebuild Syria on sustainable foundations of justice and peace.
The absence of war does not necessarily mean the presence of peace, as long as the fear of the other and the spacing between the sub -identities of the national identity is present on the Syrian scene, and therefore it is not possible to get out of the state of societal rupture towards the horizon of coexistence with narrow and temporary security or political solutions, but rather requires a long -term strategic project that rebuilds the state from the base, i.e. from the human being, and reformulates the social and symbolic contract of the Syrians.